Guide to FOB Trade Terms and Risk Mitigation in Ocean Freight

Guide to FOB Trade Terms and Risk Mitigation in Ocean Freight

Under FOB (Free On Board) terms, the seller is responsible for costs up to the port of shipment, while the buyer bears the ocean freight and destination port charges. Pay close attention to the division of insurance responsibilities and the transfer of risk to avoid potential trade risks. Understanding these aspects of FOB is crucial for both parties involved in international transactions to ensure clarity and minimize disputes related to costs and liabilities during the shipping process.

09/26/2025 Logistics Encyclopedia
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The Risk of Blocking the Strait of Hormuz: Disruption of Global Shipping and Supply Chains

The Risk of Blocking the Strait of Hormuz: Disruption of Global Shipping and Supply Chains

The risk of blocking the Strait of Hormuz has intensified, as the Iranian parliament passes a resolution that could severely impact the shipping industry. Shipping companies have implemented detour measures, significantly increasing transport costs, which may lead to a rise in global prices. The closure of the Strait of Hormuz will directly affect oil and gas supplies, posing a threat to global economic stability.

07/11/2025 Logistics
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Shipping Companies Face FMC Investigation Over Risk of Penalties for Urging Return of Empty Containers or Refusing Export Services

Shipping Companies Face FMC Investigation Over Risk of Penalties for Urging Return of Empty Containers or Refusing Export Services

Due to labor shortages caused by the pandemic, ports in Southern California are severely congested. Shipping companies are eager to send empty containers back to Asia, potentially neglecting services for U.S. exporters. If the charges against the carriers are confirmed, the Federal Maritime Commission will impose fines, emphasizing the responsibility of the shipping industry to comply with laws and regulations.

07/23/2025 Logistics
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Air Cargo Delays Mitigation Strategies and Shipper Rights

Air Cargo Delays Mitigation Strategies and Shipper Rights

Air freight delays are a common risk in the supply chain. This paper analyzes the causes of these delays and emphasizes the importance of timely communication, risk contingency plans, and purchasing insurance. It also recommends selecting reputable airlines to protect the interests of both cargo owners and freight forwarding companies. Addressing these factors can mitigate the impact of potential delays and ensure smoother cargo transportation.

07/25/2025 Logistics Encyclopedia
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Guide to Incoterms Simplifies Global Trade Rules

Guide to Incoterms Simplifies Global Trade Rules

This article systematically reviews common Incoterms in international trade, such as EXW, FOB, CIF, and DDP, explaining their core functions, division of responsibilities, and risk transfer. It also analyzes specific trade scenarios. The importance of choosing appropriate Incoterms and the key aspects of risk control are emphasized, aiming to help foreign trade practitioners better understand and apply international trade terms. Understanding these terms is crucial for successful international transactions and mitigating potential liabilities.

08/22/2025 Logistics Encyclopedia
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Telex Release Bills of Lading Managing Risks in Sea Freight

Telex Release Bills of Lading Managing Risks in Sea Freight

This paper delves into the surrendered Bill of Lading (B/L) in ocean freight, outlining its advantages and risks. It details the operational procedures and provides risk prevention measures. The emphasis is on making rational choices regarding the surrender method, comprehensively considering the cargo value, the consignee's reputation, and the regulations of the destination port. This aims to achieve a balance between trade efficiency and risk control when using surrendered B/Ls in international transactions.

08/22/2025 Logistics Encyclopedia
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